What may cause a fastener to ricochet?

A fastener may ricochet when it strikes a hard or brittle surface due to the physics of energy transfer upon impact. When a fastener hits a base component that is very hard, such as steel or cast iron, the energy from the impact can be insufficiently absorbed, causing the fastener to bounce off rather than embed itself. This is particularly true if the material of the base component does not deform upon impact; instead, it reflects the fastener back into the environment.

The hardness of the material creates a scenario where a significant amount of kinetic energy is returned to the fastener, contributing to the bouncing effect or ricochet. In contrast, softer materials may absorb some of that energy, allowing for better penetration or secure fastening without the concern of ricochet. Understanding the material properties of both the fastener and the substrate is crucial in preventing accidents and ensuring proper fastening techniques.